Rectum
cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in a part of the anus or rectum. The
channel is a channel on the anus rectum which functions to perform the disposal
of feces from the colon. Rectum cancer is generally rare. Rectum cancer occurs
when cells in the area of the anus grow
with uncontrollable. This condition causes the cells to turn into cancer.
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cancer of the rectum
Most Rectum
cancers derive from cells in the mucosal layer, particularly the mucous layer
of the gland cells in the anus. The function of the gland on the anus is to
produce mucus or slime as a lubricant so
that the stool is more easily passed through the anus. A type of cancer of the
anus that comes from these glands is
called adenocarcinoma. Aside from adenocarcinoma, a cancer of the rectum can
also include the type of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Rectum cancer often spreads from
one part to another part of the rectum, making it difficult to know the origin
of cancer of the anus.
In
addition to a malignant tumor (cancer), on the anus can also appear benign
tumors and tumor pre-cancer, namely, the tumor
originating from benign but in his trip can turn into malignant. Dysplasia is
an example of pre-cancerous tumors.
Dysplasia that occurs in the rectum rectum intraepithelial neoplasia with known
(AIN) and rectum squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
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Symptoms of cancer of the rectum
Symptoms
that may occur in people with cancer of the rectum, among others are:
Bleeding
from the rectum or rectum.
Itching
or pain in the rectum area.
POPs
swelling or lump on the rectum.
Unusual
liquid out of the rectum.
Bowel
disorders (volumes) one of them is the difficulty of holding bowel movements.
A fifth
of people with cancer the rectum does not show symptoms at all (asymptomatic).
If the above symptoms, it is advisable to immediately consult the doctor.
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Causes of rectum Cancer
rectum
cancer is caused by a genetic mutation that causes the rectum in cells normal
cells to turn out to be abnormal.
Abnormal rectum cells grow and multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. These
cancer cells can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the
body (metastasis).
Cancer
of the rectum is often associated with a virus infection, i.e., Human Papilloma
Virus (HPV). Even so, not every person who suffers cancer HPV infection will
experience the rectum. HPV produces proteins that can turn off tumor suppressor
proteins in normal cells. Some of the things that can lead to a person
developing cancer of the rectum more easily, among others are:
Age. rectum
cancer often appears on the elderly.
Have a
history of suffering from cancer. Cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal or
have a higher risk of suffering cancer of the rectum.
Smoking.
A weak
immune system conditions. A weak immune system, for example, due to HIV infection or because the immunosuppressant
drugs such as the use of corticosteroids, can lead to a person developing
cancer of the rectum more easily than people who are the immune system in good
condition.
Suffering
from warts on the rectum. Warts on the rectum caused by HPV infection increases
a person's risk of developing cancer of the rectum.
Woman.
Women are more easily affected by cancer of the rectum than men. But for the
age group under 35 years old, rectum cancer is more common in men than in
women.
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Diagnosis of cancer of the rectum
To
determine whether a person developing cancer of the rectum or not, following
this examination will be required, including:
Physical
examination of the rectum and rectum. This examination aims to check the
condition of the rectum and anus, especially to find the presence of lumps on
anus tissue as a sign of cancer. The inspection can be done with rectum Plug
and continued with the help of tools, i.e. Tools tubular vigorously to see
abnormalities in the anus and rectum more clearly.
Endoscopy.
Examination
using endoscopy is performed by inserting a thin, flexible tube with a tiny
camera on the end, into the anus. In this examination procedure, it can be also
taken tissue samples that allegedly experienced anus cancer (biopsy of the rectum).
Biopsy.
Biopsy
aims to take tissue samples that allegedly experienced rectum cancer to be
examined using a microscope. In addition to direct a biopsy on tissue biopsy is
the anus, also can be done by using a thin needle (fine needle aspiration) in
lymph nodes if there is enlargement of the lymph nodes.
Transrectal ULTRASOUND.
On
the action of Transrectal ULTRASOUND
transducer, directly placed in the rectum. This examination can see how deep cancer has invaded the tissues of the rectum.
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