Ovarian cancer that is
cancer that grows in the ovary or ovaries in women. This cancer ranks seventh
among the most common cancer attacking women. Every year, there are about
250,000 cases of ovarian cancer worldwide, leading to 140,000 deaths per year.
This cancer can occur in
any age group, but generally occurs in women who have entered the period of
menopause or are over 50 years old.
Types of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer grouped
into three types, based on the location of the beginning of the development of
cancer.
• Epithelial
Tumors, cancer cells appear in the ovarian tissue wrapping. This is the type of
ovarian cancer the most much going on.
• Stromal
Tumors, cancers appear in the layer in which it is located of hormone-producing
cells. These include rare types of cancer. Only about 7 among 100 cases of
cancer of the ovary which is of this type.
• Germinal
cell Tumor, cancer develops in the egg-producing cells. This type of ovarian
cancer tends to occur at a young age women.
Ovariumpada cancer symptoms
are generally rarely raises on the level of early stage. If anything, they may
resemble constipation or bowel irritation symptoms in. Thus, ovarian cancer is
usually detected when a new cancer already spread in the body.
Some of the symptoms
commonly experienced by sufferers of ovarian cancer are:
• Stomach always feels
bloated.
• swelling of the abdomen.
• abdominal pain.
• weight loss.
• Quick satiety.
• nausea.
• changes in bowel habits,
such as constipation (hard bowel movements).
• frequency urination are
increasing.
• pain during sexual
intercourse.
Causes and risk factors
of ovarian cancer
Just like cancer in most
cases, the cause of ovarian cancer is also not yet known for sure. There are
several factors that supposedly could increase the risk of a woman to
developing cancer. Those factors include:
• age. Ovarian cancer is
generally tend to attack in women aged 40-50 years.
• genetic. The risk for
developing cancer of the ovary will increase if you have a family member who
suffered from ovarian cancer or breast cancer. So also in women who have the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which is a genetic mutation can be lowered.
• Hormone Replacement
Therapy estrogen (Esterogen Hormone Replacement Therapy), especially when done
in a prolonged period of time and with high doses.
• Suffer from polycystic
ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
• never get pregnant.
• Experiencing
overweight or obese.
• Experience a menstrual cycle before age 12
and menopause after age 50 years.
• Undergoing fertility
therapy.
• smoking.
• Use contraceptives
IUD.
Diagnosis Of Ovarian
Cancer
Early diagnosis is made
based on the symptoms experienced, family medical history, and physical
examination results. Later examination conducted to enforce support diagnosis,
including ultrasound, examination of the blood, or biopsy.
• Examination of
ultrasonography (ultrasound) that is done to check the lower abdomen and
reproductive organs. This examination can be found on the shape, size, and
structure of the ovary.
• Examination of the
blood that is carried out to detect the presence of the protein CA 125 in the
blood. High levels of CA 125 can indicate ovarian cancer. But this test could
not be used as the sole benchmark because the CA 125 test is not specific,
simply applied could be increased in other conditions that are not cancer, and
not all sufferers of ovarian cancer have elevated levels of CA 125 in the blood.
Staging Of Ovarian
Cancer
If the results of the
examination show positive someone suffering from ovarian cancer, the next step
to do is to determine the rate of spread of the cancer. In determining the
degree of spread of the cancer of the ovary, the inspection can be done with a
CT or MRI scans, x-rays of the chest, as well as an examination of abdominal
cavity fluid samples and ovarian tissue.
Knowing the rate of
spread of cancer suffered will help the doctor to determine the best treatment.
In General, the rate of
spread of the cancer of the ovary is divided into four stages, namely:
• Stage 1: the cancer is only attacking one or both ovaries, but has
not spread to other organs.
• Stage 2: the cancer
had already spread from the ovary to the pelvic or networks around the uterus.
• Stage 3: the cancer
has already spread to the abdominal lining, the surface of the gut, and lymph nodes
in the pelvis or abdomen.
• Stage 4: the cancer
has already spread to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, liver, and
lungs.
Treatment Of Ovarian
Cancer
Handling of ovarian
cancer can be different in each case, determined based on the stage of cancer,
health conditions sufferers, and the desire to have offspring. The main
handling of ovarian cancer is through surgery and chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Operation
This usually includes
the operating procedure of adoption in both ovaries, fallopian tubes and
uterus.
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